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WARM-UP AND STRETCHING
By June Srisethnil, PT, DPT
Jamie Nuwer, MD.

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Warming up before exercise is important because it prepares you mentally and physically for the game.  In the past there was a strong focus on stretching, but over the last twenty years there have been mixed reviews and research regarding the benefits of statically stretching muscles. 

Below are the definitions of terms used in this section:

Warm-up – the sequence of activities you do prior to full speed game play, scrimmage or practice including stretching, plyometrics and/or drills.
Static stretching – traditional stretching exercises that put tension on muscles in a lengthened position and are held statically.
Dynamic stretching – movements that take joints and muscles through the full range of motion and are not held but performed in a controlled manner, gradually progressing in speed and intensity until optimal force can be generated without injury.
Plyometrics – exercises that focus on improving balance and muscles strength.

The focus of warming up should be to gradually increase your heart rate and circulation to deliver oxygen to muscles, to increase core body temperature, and to prepare your joints and muscles for participation in your sport. 

Traditionally, static stretching has been an integral part of warm-up routines. However, recent studies and reviews in sports medicine research suggest that static stretching before exercise does not prevent injury and does not improve performance. It is unclear at this time whether static stretching decreases performance.  If your players enjoy static stretching and would like to continue using it in their warm-up, it most likely will not hurt their performance unless they are stretching excessively (more than a minute per muscle).

Dynamic stretching is the most important part of warming up.  It prepares your joints and muscles for the movements required in your sport while increasing heart rate, circulation, and core body temperature.  In Ultimate, dynamic stretching means preparing your body for just about everything including lunging, bending, reaching, jumping, landing, running, twisting, pivoting, and shuffling.

The following describes an optimal warm-up for Ultimate:
- Jog/run until sweating
- Dynamic stretching (5-10 minutes)
- Plyos (do not do on tournament day) (5-10 minutes)
- Exercises that simulate your game, increasing in intensity (5-10 minutes)

When to Use Static Stretching 
After a workout is the ideal time to use static stretching.  Your players can increase their flexibility and help their muscles relax.  Stretching also increases awareness of injuries to muscles and joints. Unfortunately, no conclusive evidence exists indicating that stretching decreases post-exercise soreness.

Notes for Static Stretching
- Static stretching is best done after exercise or on your off-days after a brief warm-up.
- Stretching should be done without need to maintain balance.  Hold onto a chair or bench or sit on the floor.
- Ease into the stretch slowly and with control.  Do not bounce.
- Breathe deeply and exhale to relax into the stretch.
- Hold each stretch for 30 seconds.  Relax 10 seconds.  Repeat 1-3 times per muscle

Example set

Muscle Stretch
Hamstrings Stand with foot on low sturdy object, knee straight, stick chest out and lean forward

Hip Flexors

Kneel in exaggerated lunge, tuck pelvis, and press hips forward

Gluteal/Piriformis

Lie on your back, pull knee and ankle toward opposite shoulder
Quadriceps Lie on your side, grab leg above ankle, tighten abs and bend knee bringing heel to buttock
Calves Lunge forward, feet pointed straight ahead, back knee straight, and shift weight into back heel while lunging forward.
Side Bends Cross arms over chest and bend to the side as far as possible
Twists Sit on floor, bend one knee up and rotate trunk in same direction using shoulder to twist further
Shoulders Find a friend, put a hand on their shoulder with arm straight and turn your trunk away from your arm
Neck Roll your head in a circle

REFERENCES
Gilchrist J, Mandelbaum BR, Melancon H et al.  A Randomized Controlled Trial to Prevent Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Collegiate Soccer Players.  Am J Sports Med.  2008;36;1476-83. www.aclprevent.com/pepprogram.htm

Rubini EC, Costa ALL, Gomes PSC.  The Effects of Stretching on Strength Performance.  Sports Med 2007;37(3):213-224

Ryan ED, Beck TW, Herda TJ, Hull HR, Hartman MJ, Stout JR, Cramer JT.  Do Practical Durations of Stretching Alter Muscle Strength?  A Dose-Response Study.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Aug;40(8):1529-37.




DISCLAIMER: The information contained on this website is not meant to be a substitute for evaluation by a qualified health care professional. The information provided here is meant for educational and informational purposes only. It should in no way be considered as formal medical advice for your health problems. You should consult a qualified health professional if you are seeking medical advice for an injury or illness. Go to the emergency room or call 911 for any severe injury or illness.